{"id":4616,"date":"2014-07-23T10:00:16","date_gmt":"2014-07-23T10:00:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/?p=4616"},"modified":"2014-07-17T12:08:38","modified_gmt":"2014-07-17T12:08:38","slug":"maturitni-prace-jan-brich-potreti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/?p=4616","title":{"rendered":"Maturitn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce \u2013 Jan Brich pot\u0159et\u00ed&#8230;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-2909\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/brich.jpg\" alt=\"Honza Brich\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Diferenci\u00e1ly\u00a0&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h2>\u00a06. Diferenci\u00e1l<\/h2>\n<p>Diferenci\u00e1l se nach\u00e1z\u00ed mezi n\u00e1pravami automobilu a zaji\u0161\u0165uje vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ot\u00e1\u010dek kol vozidla na vnit\u0159n\u00ed a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stran\u011b p\u0159i pr\u016fjezdu zat\u00e1\u010dkou. Sou\u010dasn\u011b zaji\u0161\u0165uje p\u0159enos to\u010div\u00e9ho momentu na ob\u011b kola poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 n\u00e1pravy. P\u0159i pr\u016fjezdu zat\u00e1\u010dkou, se odvaluje pneumatika vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho kola, po v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kru\u017enici ne\u017e je tomu u kola na stran\u011b vnit\u0159n\u00ed. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee m\u00e1 automobil poh\u00e1n\u011bnou pouze jednu n\u00e1pravu, je druh\u00e1 dvojice pneumatik voln\u011b vle\u010dena a p\u0159i pr\u016fjezdu zat\u00e1\u010dkou mohou m\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 ot\u00e1\u010dky dle rychlosti vozidla. U vozidel, kter\u00e1 nejsou diferenci\u00e1lem vybavena, maj\u00ed ob\u011b kola poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 n\u00e1pravy p\u0159i pr\u016fjezdu obloukem stejn\u00e9 ot\u00e1\u010dky. Aby pneumatiky mohly opsat r\u016fzn\u011b dlouh\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy, mus\u00ed doj\u00edt k\u00a0tzv. prokluzu. Tento d\u016fsledek vede k\u00a0nadm\u011brn\u00e9mu opot\u0159eben\u00ed pneumatik, vzr\u016fstu v\u00fdkonu s\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm prokluzem a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm spot\u0159eby paliva. Automobil, se st\u00e1v\u00e1 obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bji \u0159iditeln\u00fdm, je\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 situace v\u00a0provozu. Doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm r\u00e1z\u016fm, z\u00a0\u010deho\u017e pramen\u00ed opot\u0159eben\u00ed hnac\u00edch d\u00edl\u016f. K\u00a0prokluzu m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt sn\u00e1ze p\u0159i zhor\u0161en\u00fdch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, kdy je n\u00e1mraza \u010di led. Naopak p\u0159i letn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, kdy je podklad dostate\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ilnav\u00fd, je tento jev obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>U automobil\u016f se nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 <strong>planetov\u00fd (ku\u017eelov\u00fd) diferenci\u00e1l<\/strong>, kter\u00fd obsahuje planetov\u00e1 kola spojen\u00e9 s\u00a0hnac\u00ed h\u0159\u00eddel\u00ed, je\u017e poh\u00e1n\u00ed samotn\u00e9 pneumatiky vozidla. Mezi planetky jsou vlo\u017een\u00e9 tzv. satelity, kter\u00e9 dovoluj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 zpo\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed a u druh\u00e9ho satelitu zrychlov\u00e1n\u00ed co\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165uje vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed ot\u00e1\u010dek obou pneumatik. P\u0159i sou\u010dasn\u00e9m zablokov\u00e1n\u00ed obou pneumatik nem\u00e1 mo\u017enost diferenci\u00e1l prokluzu.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"257\"><strong>1. Ozuben\u00ed s\u00a0\u010deln\u00edm kolem<\/strong><strong>2. Rozvodov\u00e1 h\u0159\u00eddel<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Hnac\u00ed h\u0159\u00eddel<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Satelity diferenci\u00e1lu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4610\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/obr.23.jpg\" alt=\"obr.23\" width=\"276\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/obr.23.jpg 276w, https:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/obr.23-150x115.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 276px) 100vw, 276px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Obr.23 [8]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>P\u0159i p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 j\u00edzd\u011b se to\u010div\u00fd moment d\u011bl\u00ed v\u00a0pom\u011bru 50:50, jakmile ale doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0pr\u016fjezdu zat\u00e1\u010dkou, pom\u011br se automaticky zm\u011bn\u00ed. Probl\u00e9m, m\u016f\u017ee nastat, p\u0159i rozjedu nap\u0159. na n\u00e1led\u00ed, kdy se jedno kolo odleh\u010d\u00ed a moment se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b na toto odleh\u010den\u00e9 kolo, je\u017e neumo\u017en\u00ed rozjet\u00ed vozidla. Tento probl\u00e9m se nej\u010dast\u011bji \u0159e\u0161\u00ed u n\u00e1kladn\u00edch vozidel, kdy \u0159idi\u010d zav\u0159e diferenci\u00e1l, nej\u010dast\u011bji ovl\u00e1dan\u00fd elektricky p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b p\u00e1kou.<\/p>\n<p>Men\u0161\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed v\u00a0praxi m\u00e1 diferenci\u00e1l s\u00a0<strong>\u010deln\u00edmi koly. <\/strong>Stejn\u011b jak u planetov\u00e9ho diferenci\u00e1lu i zde doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0rozd\u011blen\u00ed momentu mezi ob\u011b kola. Planetky a satelity maj\u00ed \u010deln\u00ed ozuben\u00ed. Jeden ze satelit\u016f nen\u00ed v\u00a0z\u00e1b\u011bru s\u00a0ob\u011bma koly, ale \u010d\u00e1st z\u00e1b\u011bru m\u00e1 s\u00a0planetov\u00fdm kolem a \u010d\u00e1st s\u00a0druh\u00fdm satelitem. Oproti planetov\u00e9mu diferenci\u00e1lu je nev\u00fdhodou velk\u00e1 mechanick\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje prot\u00e1\u010den\u00ed jak prav\u00e9ho tak lev\u00e9ho kola. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed s\u00a0uz\u00e1v\u011brem, montovan\u00fdch v\u00a0n\u00e1kladn\u00edch vozech nap\u0159\u00edklad zna\u010dky Tatra.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"298\"><strong>1. Bubnov\u00e1 brzda a n\u00e1boj vozidla<\/strong><strong>2. Planetov\u00fd diferenci\u00e1l<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Rozvodov\u00e1 h\u0159\u00eddel<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4611\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/obr.24.jpg\" alt=\"obr.24\" width=\"369\" height=\"253\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/obr.24.jpg 369w, https:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/obr.24-150x102.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 369px) 100vw, 369px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Obr.24 [9]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Uzav\u0159en\u00ed diferenci\u00e1lu se provede zablokov\u00e1n\u00edm planetov\u00fdch kol, kdy se diferenci\u00e1l mus\u00ed ot\u00e1\u010det jako celek. P\u0159i prokluzu uvoln\u011bn\u00e9ho kola se to\u010div\u00fd moment p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed i na kolo, kter\u00e9 stoj\u00ed na pevn\u00e9m podkladu a ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f dojde k\u00a0vyjet\u00ed nebo vypro\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vozidla. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se uz\u00e1v\u011bru u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 u n\u00e1kladn\u00edch automobil\u016f, offroad\u016f a traktor\u016f, kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed tyto vlastnosti v\u00a0ter\u00e9nu a n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. Je v\u0161ak nutn\u00e9, aby po vypro\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nebo p\u0159i dlouhodob\u00e9 j\u00edzd\u011b do\u0161lo k\u00a0deaktivov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bru, jinak by se vozidlo chovalo jako bez diferenci\u00e1lu. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se k\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011bru diferenci\u00e1lu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 posuvn\u00e1 p\u00e1ka, kter\u00e1 znemo\u017en\u00ed pohyb ozuben\u00ed.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"298\"><strong>1. \u0160oup\u00e1tko slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k\u00a0uz\u00e1v\u011bru diferenci\u00e1lu<\/strong><strong>2. Hnac\u00ed h\u0159\u00eddel<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Rozvodov\u00e1 h\u0159\u00eddel<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4612\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/obr.25.jpg\" alt=\"obr.25\" width=\"299\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/obr.25.jpg 299w, https:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/obr.25-150x109.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 299px) 100vw, 299px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Obr.25 [10]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>7. Diferenci\u00e1l v modelu 1:10<\/h2>\n<p>Diferenci\u00e1l v\u00a0modelu 1:10 pln\u00ed stejnou funkci jako v\u00a0automobilech. Hlavn\u00edm rozd\u00edlem je koncepce a druhy diferenci\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou u model\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h4>\n7.1 Planetov\u00fd diferenci\u00e1l<\/h4>\n<p>Tento typ je pou\u017eit ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b osobn\u00edch automobil\u016f. Je slo\u017een z\u00a0ozuben\u00e9ho p\u0159evodu (proto je v\u00a0angli\u010dtin\u011b ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako gear differential \u2013 p\u0159evodov\u00fd diferenci\u00e1l), kter\u00fd rozd\u011bluje hnac\u00ed s\u00edlu pro\u00a0jednotliv\u00e1 kola. Pokud je jedno kolo nadleh\u010deno a\u00a0druh\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017eeno, to\u010d\u00ed se nezat\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 kolo ot\u00e1\u010d\u00ed dvakr\u00e1t takovou rychlost\u00ed, jakou by se\u00a0to\u010dila ob\u011b kola sou\u010dasn\u011b. P\u0159i sou\u010dasn\u00e9m zablokov\u00e1n\u00ed obou kol nem\u00e1 mo\u017enost prokluzu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"298\"><strong>1. Una\u0161e\u010d diferenci\u00e1lu- d\u00e1le slou\u017e\u00ed k\u00a0pohonu kol<\/strong><strong>2. \u0158emenice slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed pohybu n\u00e1prav<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Satelity<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4. T\u011blo diferenci\u00e1lu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4613\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/obr.26.jpg\" alt=\"obr.26\" width=\"348\" height=\"232\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/obr.26.jpg 348w, https:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/obr.26-150x100.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 348px) 100vw, 348px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Obr.26 [11]<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>7.2 Kuli\u010dkov\u00fd diferenci\u00e1l<\/h4>\n<p>Tento diferenci\u00e1l se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jen v\u00a0modelech, funguje stejn\u011b jako diferenci\u00e1l planetov\u00fd, hlavn\u00ed rozd\u00edl je v\u00a0tom, \u017ee pokud jsou zablokov\u00e1na ob\u011b kola sou\u010dasn\u011b, m\u00e1 mo\u017enost prokluzu. M\u00edrn\u011b prokluzuje i\u00a0b\u011bhem j\u00edzdy modelu, a\u00a0to se projevuje na j\u00edzdn\u00edch vlastnostech. Prokluz (pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se sp\u00ed\u0161e term\u00edn svornost) lze na\u00a0kuli\u010dkov\u00e9m diferenci\u00e1lu nastavit. V\u00a0diferenci\u00e1lu je speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161roub se z\u00e1vitem, kter\u00fd se m\u016f\u017ee dotahovat a povolovat. Pokud jej povolujeme, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu prokluzu a v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dotahov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00a0jevu opa\u010dn\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4614\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/obr.27.jpg\" alt=\"obr.27\" width=\"276\" height=\"205\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/obr.27.jpg 276w, https:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/obr.27-150x111.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 276px) 100vw, 276px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Obr.27 Kuli\u010dkov\u00fd diferenci\u00e1l [11]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4615\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/obr.28.jpg\" alt=\"obr.28\" width=\"434\" height=\"258\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/obr.28.jpg 434w, https:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/obr.28-150x89.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 434px) 100vw, 434px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Obr.28 Pohled na \u0159ez kuli\u010dkov\u00fdm diferenci\u00e1lem [11]<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0158emenice<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Axi\u00e1ln\u00ed lo\u017eisko<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0160roub, slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k\u00a0\u0161telov\u00e1n\u00ed prokluzu diferenci\u00e1lu<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Una\u0161e\u010de<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Kuli\u010dky pomoc\u00ed, kter\u00fdch se \u0161teluje prokluz<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>V\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na pneumatiky&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Diferenci\u00e1ly\u00a0&#8230; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4616","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ostatni"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4616","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4616"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4616\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4616"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4616"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rc-tabor.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4616"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}